Species composition, diversity and management of homegarden agroforestry systems in northwestern Ethiopia

Abstract

Although homegarden agroforestry systems are essential for conserving biodiversity, research on the contribution of these systems to woody species conservation remains limited, particularly in northwestern Ethiopia. This study evaluated the species preferences of farmers in the homegardens, as well as the diversity of woody species and management techniques. Data were collected from 96 households, with detailed woody species inventories conducted in a representative subsample of 48 homegardens. The study identified 32 woody species from 21 families, of which 69% (22 species) were indigenous and 31% (10 species) were exotic. The highest woody species diversity (1.53) was recorded from poor households, while the lowest (1.14) was recorded from rich households. Wealth status significantly influenced species diversity, with poorer households managing a higher number of woody species compared to wealthier groups. Key management practices included weeding, pruning, fertilizing, watering, fencing, coppicing, and hoeing. The top three preferred indigenous and multipurpose species were Rhamnus prinoides, Cordia africana, and Olea europaea, valued for their economic benefits and ecological roles. Respondents indicated that most woody species in home gardens are retained or planted for income. The study highlights the significant role of homegardens in conserving indigenous woody species, supporting biodiversity, and providing socio-economic benefits in northwestern Ethiopia. Policies should focus on conserving species, sustainable management, development integration, and farmer training.